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The Influence of Gender Identification and Self-Efficacy on Counseling
Students: A Multicultural Approach José Maldonado
Abstract
Master and doctoral students
attending CACREP accredited counselor education programs participated in
this research study. Of the 189 CACREP accredited programs invited to
participate, 21% of the programs had students responding (n= 176; 33
(19%) males, 143 (81%) females). Each participant completed the
Multicultural Counseling Inventory and The Counselor Self-Efficacy
Scale. Significant differences were evident for gender and self-efficacy
and four sub-scales of multicultural counseling competency. Master and
doctoral students attending CACREP accredited counselor education
programs participated in this research study. Each participant completed
the Multicultural Counseling Inventory and The Counselor Self-Efficacy
Scale. Significant differences were evident for ethnicity and
self-efficacy and four sub-scales of multicultural counseling
competency.
Full Article
Examining the Validity
of the Body Mass Index Cut-Off Score for Obesity of Different
Ethnicities Liette B. Ocker and Don R. Melrose
Abstract
The purpose of this study was
to validate BMI cut-point values associated with obesity in different
genders and ethnic groups. The criterion-referenced validity
coefficients and decision validity coefficients were high. Obesity
sensitivity, the percent of true positives, in Hispanics was higher than
the other groups. The specificity, the percent of true negatives, was
equally high for all the groups. Asians had a moderately low positive
predictive value indicating that low BMI may have high body fat.
Finally, the negative predictive values were good in all the ethnic
groups. Full Article
The Impending Educational Crisis for American Indians: Higher Education
at the Crossroads
Billie Hunt and Charles F. Harrington
Abstract
A significant gap exists in
the post-secondary educational achievement levels of American Indian
students despite significant gains attained in various avenues of
education reform. A college education is a significant driver in the
socioeconomic advancement of American Indian communities. Numerous
factors impact the admission, persistence and timely graduation of
American Indian students from institutions of higher education. These
issues have a direct impact on the significantly low numbers of
doctorally-prepared American Indian faculty in academia. This paper
provides an overview of the retention and graduation rates of American
Indian students enrolled in American higher education. Also discussed
are characteristics of American Indian higher education faculty. The
authors provide a series of recommendations offered to increase American
Indian student retention as well as increase the availability of
American Indian faculty in higher education. Full Article
Emancipation or Liberation? The European Union’s Gender Policy and
Candidate States: The Case of Turkey. Yannis A.
Stivachtis and Stephanie Georgakis
Abstract
EU policy acts to mandate emancipation, without necessarily “liberating”
women. Rather than stimulate social change, the stated objective of
gender mainstreaming is to create a legal atmosphere that could, with
the right social conditions, foster liberation. Although EU
conditionality has been quite effective in shaping gender policies and
changing gender attitudes in Turkey, major shortcomings still exist.
Gender policies in Turkey were made in a top-down manner and
consequently, the underlying features that create the foundation for the
patriarchal system were not affected by the legal reforms. There is a
discrepancy between what is legally stated and what is actually
practiced. Thus the Turkish case highlights the important distinction
between “enacting legislation” and “implementing legislation”, as well
as questions a fundamental of EU gender policy. As a result, a clear
distinction should be drawn between institutional and societal levels.
It requires a great commitment from the Turkish Government to educate
the public on issues where prejudice against the position and role of
women in society is central. The patriarchal system, fundamentally
sustained by Mediterranean culture and Islam, is so collectively
understood that laws cannot reverse it. Instead, the social change must
first take place, so that the laws can reflect society; not vice versa.
Until women cease to be the “transmitters and protectors of dominant
social values and norms”, there cannot be fundamental change. As long as
women are culturally understood to posses a fundamental role as a sexual
being, whose dominant place is the domestic sphere, their societal role
cannot change. Gender roles must be redefined, but the reform must
necessarily occur socially and not only being reflected in laws and
regulations.
Full Article
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